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Ethernet: Its advantages include high transmission rates, up to 10Mbps -10Gbps, stable and reliable transmission, strong anti-interference ability, and is suitable for monitoring scenarios that require high real-time and accuracy data, such as automated monitoring of large bridges and high-rise buildings. The disadvantage is that the wiring cost is high, a large number of cables need to be laid, the flexibility is poor, and it is not suitable for areas with scattered monitoring points and difficult wiring.

RS-485 bus: Its advantages include simple wiring, low cost, support for multi node connections, and to some extent, it can meet the engineering needs of monitoring a large number of points. The disadvantage is that the transmission distance is limited, with a theoretical maximum transmission distance of 1200 meters. The transmission rate is relatively low compared to Ethernet, and the anti-interference ability is relatively weak in complex electromagnetic environments.

4G/5G: The advantages are fast transmission speed, wide coverage, and the ability to achieve remote real-time monitoring. It is not limited by geographical distance and can easily transmit monitoring data to cloud platforms or remote monitoring centers. The disadvantage is that it relies on the operator's network, which may result in unstable signals, and there may be certain data usage fees during use.

Wi - Fi： The advantages are easy deployment, relatively low cost, high transmission rate, and suitable for monitoring areas with wireless network coverage and close distances, such as monitoring inside buildings. The disadvantage is that the signal coverage range is limited, with an effective indoor coverage distance of several tens of meters, and it is easily affected by interference in the same frequency band, resulting in relatively poor stability.

Bluetooth: Its advantages are low power consumption and low cost, suitable for monitoring devices with short distance and low data transmission, such as data transmission between small sensor nodes. The disadvantage is that the transmission distance is short, with an effective distance of about 10 meters and a relatively low data transmission rate, which is not suitable for transmitting large amounts of monitoring data over long distances.